h a l f b a k e r yWhy did I think of that?
add, search, annotate, link, view, overview, recent, by name, random
news, help, about, links, report a problem
browse anonymously,
or get an account
and write.
register,
|
|
|
elements from seawater with Hf nuclear isomer
178Hf is a nuclear isomer that makes giant amounts of energy like 1 microgram releases 700 Grams of TNT Use organisms to concentrate this isotope then activate the isomer using that energy to gather elements among them Hafnium from seawater | |
Minerals from ocean water is a valued technology Elements thirty
times cheaper than from ore reduction create a huge range of
cheaper products benefitting almost all humans
Hafnium 178 is a nuclear isomer there is a New Scientist article
about the energy it produces wikipedia writes
The
nuclear isomer 178m2Hf is also a source of cascades of
gamma rays whose energies total 2.45 MeV per decay.[23] It is
notable because it has the highest excitation energy of any
comparably long-lived isomer of any element. One gram of this
pure isotope could release approximately 1330 megajoules of
energy, the equivalent of exploding about 317 kilograms (700
pounds) of TNT. Possible applications requiring such highly
concentrated energy storage are of interest.
Microrganisms as well as yeast as well as macroscopic vegetation
are published (link) as concentrating isotopes differently at
different tissues Nitrogen appears to be more than 4 times
concentratable this way Thus we describe a way to breed Hf178
concentrating microorganisms
Grow bacteria like thiobacillus that concentrate hafnium
then using a courduroy transfer pad make a transfer impression
onto a couple more plates; grow bacteria
Use an courduroy transfer pad made from electrically conductive
plastic to get a transfer image of the bacterial plate Then dry this
out
place the electrically conductive pad as the electrode of a vacuum
tube It will emit light with charge just like an emission spectra
tube emission spectra are isotopically particular
Use a laser on the bacterial pad emission tube to ablate a tiny
area of the surface with a travelling dot use a spectrometer to
note the emissions spectra When the spectrometer sees higher
concentrations of Hf178 you have a reference point on the plate to
create a fresh living culture of isotpe purifying bacteria from one
of the living culture plates
repeat until you have a bacteria adequate at concentrating hf178
Now that you have the bacteria or kelp that concentrates the
nuclear isomer you grow it at the ocean
The published Nitrogen version is more than four times effective
at concentrating isotopes thus if you refeed the material back to
the bacteria at mere doubling you get .03 then .06 .12 .24 .5 1 2
4 8 16 32 64 parts per hundred enriched Hf178 element
You then activate the hf178 with a mild amount of medical dose x
rays to produce warmth this warmth is used to crystallize out salt
on repeated cycling you get a fluid that has dozens or hundreds of
times the mineral concentration of seawater with minimal salt
I like the idea of using a nernst battery (link) to then do
electroplating out of different minerals at slightly different
charges The nernst battery uses differences of ion concentrate
with the same ion to produce electricity different voltages will
prefentially plate different metals
all of the energy comes from the dissolved ocean minerals plus the
side products are fresh water plus radioactivity Oceanic
background radioactivity is much higher than that produced from
the naturally spread Hf daughter products
Fractionation of nitrogen isotopes by mixed ruminal bacteria
http://jas.fass.org...t/abstract/73/1/257 The amount of bacterial N was highest at 24 h of incubation when cellulose was the carbohydrate source. At that time, delta 15N between ammonia and bacteria was 8.9/1000 when ammonia was the N source, but delta 15N between non-ammonia and bacteria was 1.7/1000 [beanangel, Jan 12 2009]
Hafnium
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium [beanangel, Jan 12 2009]
Nernst battery
nernst_20bees [beanangel, Jan 12 2009]
GMO Ocean Mineral Harvest
GMO_20Ocean_20Mineral_20Harvest same concept, but giving the bacteria a leg up with gmo. [bungston, Jan 12 2009]
[link]
|
|
One of my earliest forays in the HB concerned such a scheme, linked. Look - I did not know what MFD meant! |
|
|
In any case I like the spectral analysis component of this. Pretty slick, and automatable. |
|
|
With the additional, burdensome wisdom of the years that have elapsed since 2002, I think an antibody might not be the ideal place to start. Rather find a molecule which chelates an ion similar to the one you want, engineer it into your bugs, and then do mutational riffs on it using this spectral analysis scheme. Maybe a vanadium chelator molecule would work as a starting point for the Hf product. |
|
|
You're still not going to be able to select for isotopic
specificity. In fact, it's going to be hard enough to make it
discriminate Hafnium from several other metals. |
|
|
(Side note: if you do get "64 parts per hundred" of Hafnium, I
want to see those mothers). |
|
|
/You're still not going to be able to select for isotopic specificity./ |
|
|
Au contraire, mon frere! Consider the gentle chloroplast. C3 and C4 photosynthesis have different affinities for carbon13 vs 14. If a biological systemic like photosythesis can preferentially enrich for one isotope, so could this scheme. |
|
|
That said, once you have produced a gleaming nugget of pure hafnium it would probably not be so much more trouble to seperate out the good stuff. |
|
|
Yes, true but, as per my earlier annotation, the percentage
mass difference between Hafnium isotopes is much less than
that between isotopes of light elements. Also, the examples
of enrichment quoted depend on cascades or cycles of
metabolism. So, it wouldn't be enough to simply bind
hafnium; you'd have to do things with it so that the isotopes
had very slightly different reaction rates. This is going to be
tricky. |
|
|
to reply I translate [MB] slightly if you have urged me not to edit then republish let me know |
|
|
[MB] writes
MaxCo translation department has walked out pending a pay review, so I'm having to tackle this one myself. |
|
|
Are you (translates as: giving us the idea to) use directed evolution to create isotope-selective, Hafnium concentrating bacteria? Two notes of caution: |
|
|
1) lots of people have (thought about or worked at) creating bacteria, algae etc to concentrate rare elements (eg gold) from seawater; I'm not sure why not much has come from it. |
|
|
actually there is much happening here I have read about bacterial sulfur reducing bacteria being commercially used to concentrate ores |
|
|
(2) I think you'll struggle with isotopic enrichment. In the case of nitrogen, you have something like a 7% mass difference between isotopes, which affects kinetics and therefore accumulation. In the case of hafnium it's going to be something like a 0.5% mass difference. |
|
|
Also, to get any mass-based fractionation, you're going to have to bounce hafnium through a whole cascade of metabolic reactions; I just don't think you're going to be able to do this. |
|
|
Apologies for the brevity of this annotation, but I could only comment on the bits written in English. |
|
|
creating bacteria, algae etc to concentrate rare elements (eg gold) from seawater; I'm not sure why not much has come from it. |
|
|
(2) I think you'll struggle with isotopic enrichment. In the case of nitrogen, you have something like a 7% mass difference between isotopes, which affects kinetics and therefore accumulation. In the case of hafnium it's going to be something like a 0.5% mass difference. |
|
|
Also, to get any mass-based fractionation, you're going to have to bounce hafnium through a whole cascade of metabolic reactions; I just don't think you're going to be able to do this. |
|
|
Apologies for the brevity of this annotation, but I could only comment on the bits written in English. |
|
|
MaxwellBuchanan, Jan 12 2009 |
|
|
well I'm only looking at enrichment to make the evaporative process work 1 g of 178Hf is 700 tons of TNT thus a mere milligram per Kg of bacteria is 700 kilograms of TNT thats a lot of energy |
|
|
a microgram of Hf178 is like 700 grams of TNT which sounds at least plausible as a process energy source |
|
|
to release the energy to make warm water I might go with something like the photon topedo which is basically a big array of 100 mw sticky tape x ray emitters |
|
|
a microgram per Kg of bacteria looks like it will make the process functional |
|
|
Uh, yeah, as I understand it, the isomer version of Hf is more of an energy storage medium rather than an original source. All of the applications I've read about speak of using the different isomers of Hf as something akin to a batterty, ie can, in terms of energy density, store an incredible ammount. Given the 31 year halflife, just how much "activated" 178HFm2 are we expeciting to find? |
|
| |