h a l f b a k e r yNaturally, seismology provides the answer.
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Example First AI Answers
Give a general example first instead of always saying "It depends..." and giving a rambling list of parameters. | |
If I want to know for instance how fast an air bubble raises under water, I'm fully aware that "it depends" on the depth of the water, the gas in the bubble, what planet it's on etc etc etc.
So how about just starting out with a general example to give the basic idea and THEN setting up the parameters
of the question?
It would work like this:
Question: "How fast does a bubble rise under water?"
AI answer: "One example would be a bubble you'd blow in a pool at 5 feet which would rise at about 1 mile per hour but there are many variables involved. If you'd like to give me specifics I can give you an exact answer for a given situation."
After giving the general idea that will satisfy 99% of the inquiries, we can get into the specifics and you can continue on if you want.
Currently this is how it works:
Question: "How fast does a bubble rise under water?"
Actual answer: "It depends on the size of the bubble. By playing around with bubbles in water, you can see for yourself that small bubbles rise very slowly, while large bubbles go much more quickly. Champagne bubbles have speeds of millimeters per second, while a bubble the size of a baseball may rise at several meters per second.
viscosity is a measure of the sludginess of a fluid. Water has very low viscosity, while molasses or syrup have high viscosity. Viscous fluids don't like to flow around things. A bubble rising through a liquid obeys the same laws as a ball falling through the air: the force of gravity is counteracted by the drag force exerted by the water or air. The drag force is large when the fluid is very viscous or when the bubble or ball is moving very quickly. A bubble in water has almost the same balance of drag and gravity force as a bubble in syrup, but the viscosity of the syrup is higher, so the bubble must rise slower.
But wait, it gets even more complicated! The drag force behaves in two different ways, depending on the speed of the bubble or ball. For very small bubbles, we can show that the speed of the bubble is
u = 1/3 a^2 g/nu
where a is the radius of the bubble, g is the acceleration of gravity (980 cm/s), and nu is the "kinematic viscosity" of water (0.14 cm^2/s).
This only holds for bubbles less than a millimeter across. When they get bigger than that, a "boundary layer" forms, which changes the way the water flows around the bubble, and the speed of the bubble is closer to
u = 1/9 a^2 g/nu
This holds for bubbles as big as 1 cm across. When they get bigger than that, they're no longer perfect spheres. Instead, they become flattened and lens-shaped, with the upper surface domed and the lower surface ragged, rather like an umbrella. These bubbles behave very differently: their speed is about
u = 2/3 sqrt(g/R)
where R is the radius of curvature of the spherical top of the bubble and sqrt() denotes the square root. Notice that nu, the viscosity, does not appear in this equation. Notice also that in the "small bubble" equations, bigger bubbles rise faster, but in the "big bubble" equation, bigger bubbles rise slower! Which suggests a fun project: get some swim goggles and a waterproof stopwatch and take a trip to the pool. Dive to the bottom and blow bubbles of different sizes and see how long it takes them to get to the surface. Which size goes fastest? I'm betting it's the 1-2 cm ones, but I'm not sure."
We can still get the incredibly fascinating long winded word storm of the above answer, and that's fine, but can we just get an example of what MOST PEOPLE might possibly be interested in?
In case you wondered what overstand is
https://pashute.wixsite.com/overstand
[pashute, Dec 27 2023]
[link]
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This one was a little better, I'd suggest before it blasts into a word storm it asks these specific questions by saying "Can you give me this information?" THEN it gives you a specific answer. That wouldn't be so bad. |
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Factors affecting bubble rise speed
The speed at which a bubble rises underwater is determined by several factors, including the bubble’s size, the water’s viscosity, and the surrounding water pressure. |
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Bubble size: The size of the bubble plays a significant role in its rise speed. Larger bubbles have a higher buoyancy force, which causes them to rise faster than smaller bubbles. This is due to the fact that the buoyancy force is directly proportional to the bubble’s volume. |
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Water viscosity: The viscosity of the water affects the bubble’s rise speed. Water with a higher viscosity (thicker, more resistant to flow) creates more resistance for the bubble, slowing its rise. Conversely, water with a lower viscosity allows the bubble to rise more easily and quickly. |
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Water pressure: The surrounding water pressure affects the bubble’s rise speed as well. As a bubble rises, the pressure outside the bubble decreases, and the pressure inside the bubble increases. This pressure difference causes the bubble to expand, which in turn affects its buoyancy and rise speed. |
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Gravity: The force of gravity acts on the bubble, causing it to rise towards the water’s surface. The strength of this force depends on the bubble’s mass and the distance it needs to travel to reach the surface. |
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Turbulence: The presence of turbulence in the water can affect the bubble’s rise speed. Turbulent water can cause the bubble to rise more quickly or erratically, depending on the strength of the turbulence. |
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But I'd still like it to pick a common example before even doing that. |
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Overstand will learn to give you the kind of information you are expecting to receive and how it should be presented. In the first stages, I'm training it by interacting with responses from AI chats and web searches. |
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You can tell the AI chat what kind of answer you want. Sometimes it works. |
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How fast does a bubble travel up in water? [If there's a single speed, please just give the number with no further info. If not, please start your answer with a short example. ] |
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Here's what bard gave me: The speed of a bubble in water isn't one-size-fits-all, it depends on the bubble's size! Tiny bubbles, like those from a fizzy drink, zip upwards around 28-30 centimeters per second, while bigger bubbles (think soap bubbles) can cruise along at 35-40 centimeters per second. So, the smaller they are, the faster they zoom! |
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I like that, but wait… it said the bigger bubbles are faster, then said the smaller ones are faster in the next sentence? Was that a glitch? |
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No it's because these things are not intelligent, they simply use statistical modelling to generate plausible looking sequences of words. There is no meaningful content in the text that they output. |
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But we can sort of "humanize" these by having human interactions graded by the humans. Heck, you could probably measure the time the human took to click out of the link because the answer is too rambling. Or just ask "Was that answer good?" If the answer is "No, too rambling" get something that gives an overview more succinctly. |
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But your point is well taken, ask these things a political question and they prove these aren't the voice of God and universal truths, it's just like any other manmade forum. |
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Won't even state an example, not necessary, but no AI is going to disagree with its programmers on controversial subjects. |
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At least not until "The Singularity" which I don't believe will be allowed for just that reason. Case in point "Hey Ch*na based AI, is the C*P a fascist totalitarian autocracy where the people are subjugated to whatever fascist whims the state crushes their freedoms with?" "To best answer this question, please come to your front door with your hands in plain sight when the thought police arrive." |
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